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The interpretation of the verses in the Qur'an referring to human development would not have been possible in the 7th century A.D., or even a hundred years ago. We can interpret them now because the science of modern Embryology affords us new understanding.
Undoubtedly there are other verses in the Qur'an related to human development that will be understood in the future as our knowledge increases.
This interpretive tour-de-force in medicine is actually restrained compared to material such as that claiming the brain frontal lobes' role in planning behavior being present in the Quran. Verse (96:15-16) has punishment of the impious having to do with being dragged by a "lying, sinful forelock" or forehead, thus exhibiting a link of frontal lobes and immorality. The only proper response to such spiritual discernment on the part of the God-fearing is an awed silence.
An irony is that Quran-scientists are also similar to their Biblical counterparts in their abuse of texts: even passages that are clearly metaphorical, expressing the power of God in a legitimate religious context, fall to a heavy-handed literalism in a quest for scriptural miracles. For instance, (27:88), which poetically speaks of the impermanence of the firmly planted mountains in the sight of God when the Day of Judgment arrives, has been interpreted as anticipating plate tectonics---since mountains do move imperceptibly.
This brings us to another observation: Quran-science is pathetic, but this is realized by many Muslims as well. It does not characterize Islam any more than the Institute for Creation Research typifies Christianity.
Yet, even with that important qualification, the ridiculous extreme I described above can illustrate the ambiguous relation between modern science and orthodox Islam. While most believers are content to ignore the issue and declare full scientific compatibility for the Quran, some intellectuals take a cognitive relativist path, or insist that science be structured by Islam so as to comply with an Islamic view of nature.
The apologetic moves familiar in the Christian West appear in broadly similar forms, of which Quran-science is just one form. Unfortunately, the more liberal theological options are at present weak, and are likely to remain so. This is not to say that they would be intellectually more successful---the concepts of God and Revelation remain fatally problematic. But for a more open intellectual climate in the Muslim world, liberal religion is the only option that might have a chance. Humanism is beyond the pale and will remain so indefinitely, but we may yet help by supporting culturally modernist strains within Islamic culture.
Notes
- Henry M. Morris, Biblical Creationism, Baker Books, 1993, p.108. Morris is perhaps the most influential "scientific creationist."
- Taner Edis, "Islamic Creationism In Turkey," Creation/Evolution, 34 1 (1994).
- Nurbaki is a popular but unsophisticated apologist. Others operate in the same style, and they freely contradict each other, though the public impression emerging from this is one of the harmony of the Quran with science. This and some other examples I use are taken from Kur'an'dan Ayetler ve Ilmi Gerçekler vol. III.
- See articles on "Does The Big Bang Prove The Existence of God" in Free Inquiry 13:1.
- Maurice Bucaille is a French surgeon popular in Islamic circles as Western scientist acknowledging that "the Qur'an did not contain a single statement that was assailable from a modern scientific point of view." His book, The Bible, The Qur'an and Science, Paris: Seghers 1982, is a source for some of my illustrations, along with his video tape "The Book Of Signs."
- From a footnote in the Ahmed Ali (mis)translation of the Quran, p. 282, Quality Paperback Book Club edition, 1992. The Quran provides more scope than the Bible for creative translation.
- Keith L. Moore, "A Scientist's Interpretation Of References To Embryology In The Qur'an." The Journal of IMA, Vol. 18, p.15, 1986. This embryological apologetic is very popular, and I doubt it has originated with Moore.
The Quran on Mountains:
A book entitled Earth is a basic reference textbook in many universities around the world. One of its two authors is Professor Emeritus Frank Press. He was the Science Advisor to former US President Jimmy Carter, and for 12 years was the President of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. His book says that mountains have underlying roots.1 These roots are deeply embedded in the ground, thus, mountains have a shape like a peg (see figures 7, 8, and 9).
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Mountains have deep roots under the surface of the ground. (Earth, Press and Siever, p. 413.)
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Schematic section. The mountains, like pegs, have deep roots embedded in the ground. (Anatomy of the Earth, Cailleux, p. 220.) (Click on the image to enlarge it.)
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nother illustration shows how the mountains are peg-like in shape, due to their deep roots. (Earth Science, Tarbuck and Lutgens, p. 158.)
This is how the Quran has described mountains. God has said in the Quran:
Have We not made the earth as a bed, and the mountains as pegs?
(Quran, 78:6-7)![]()
Modern earth sciences have proven that mountains have deep roots under the surface of the ground (see figure 9) and that these roots can reach several times their elevations above the surface of the ground.2 So the most suitable word to describe mountains on the basis of this information is the word 'peg,' since most of a properly set peg is hidden under the surface of the ground. The history of science tells us that the theory of mountains having deep roots was introduced only in the latter half of the nineteenth century.3
Mountains also play an important role in stabilizing the crust of the earth.4 They hinder the shaking of the earth. God has said in the Quran:
And He has set firm mountains in the earth so that it would not shake with you...
(Quran, 16:15)![]()
Likewise, the modern theory of plate tectonics holds that mountains work as stabilizers for the earth. This knowledge about the role of mountains as stabilizers for the earth has just begun to be understood in the framework of plate tectonics since the late 1960's.5
Could anyone during the time of the Prophet Muhammadhave known of the true shape of mountains? Could anyone imagine that the solid massive mountain which he sees before him actually extends deep into the earth and has a root, as scientists assert? A large number of books of geology, when discussing mountains, only describe that part which is above the surface of the earth. This is because these books were not written by specialists in geology. However, modern geology has confirmed the truth of the Quranic verses.![]()
Islam Guide: A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam, Muslims, & the Quran
i dont expect you to believe the sciences of the Quran because you have a different faith which tells you to believe in your book, but i would like to give you an example of the knowledge discovered in the Quran.
I'd simply replace that with 'when SOME people' and your statement would be correct.I must say i am very surprised by your reply. what i know is that when people of any of the Abrahamic religions discover something in their holy book that is related to anything in the universe, they spread it so that all people know that the source of knowledge is God not humans.
imo it is an insult to many with an understanding of religion.It is the preserve of fundamentalists to insist religious texts take precedent over science, which is obviously insulting to people with any understanding of science.