Muslims regard as
prophets of Islam (
Arabic:
نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by
Allah (the standard Arabic-language word for "the God") as
prophets. Each prophet brought the same basic ideas of Islam, including belief in one God and avoidance of
idolatry and
sin. Each came to preach
Islam and told of the coming of the final law-bearing prophet and messenger of God:
Muhammad. Each prophet directed a message to a different group and each prophet taught minor variations in
Sharia (or the practice of religion) to a different target-audience. These variations constitute applications of Islam: mainstream Muslims do not consider them discrete versions of Islam.
Islamic tradition holds that God sent messengers to every
nation. In Islam, only Muhammad was sent to convey God's message to the whole world, whereas other messengers (
rasuls) were sent to convey their messages to a specific group of people or nation.
Unlike
Judaism and
Christianity, Islam distinguishes between a direct messenger of God (
ar rasool) and a
prophet (
nabi). Both function as divinely inspired recipients of God's
revelation. However, in addition,
rasuls receive a divine message or revelation for a community in book form. While every
rasul is a
nabi, not every
nabi is a
rasul.
Muslims regard
Adam as the first prophet and
Muhammad as the last prophet; hence Muhammad's title
Seal of the Prophets. Islam regards
Jesus as a
rasul (and sometimes as a
nabi) because he received
wahi (revelation) from God, through which God revealed the
Injil (
Gospel) to him.
[1] Muslims believe that God has sent over
124,000 messengers all over the world as mentioned in the
Sahih Hadith. Five (sometimes known as
Ulul Azmi or the Imams — literally: "leaders" — of the
Rasuls) receive the highest reverence for their perseverance and unusually strong commitment to God in the face of great suffering:
- Nuh (Noah)
- Ibrahim (Abraham)
- Musa (Moses)
- Isa (Jesus)
- Muhammad