Dorje Shugden - Kadampa - Dalai Lama

AndreG

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Can someone kindly make clear the controversy surrounding Kadampa Buddhism and the Dalai Lama?

I have yet to find an objective explanation.

There is a Kadampa Buddhist center in my city however I am hesitant to attend because of the 'drama' and apparent violence surrounding the Dalai Lama's followers and this school of Buddhism.
 
For a balanced explanation of the Dorje Shugden Controversy visit Wikipedia and type in "Dorje Shugden Controversy"

For the New Kadampa Traditions response to the accusations made by the Dalai Lama and his followers Google "New Kadampa Truth"

Remember that the Dalai Lama is a political leader. It is unwise to always believe the words of politicians whether they are wearing robes or not. :)
 
Hi, one of the best bits of advice I ever got about this was to look to my own experience. Trust yourself to go along to the Kadampa centre with an open mind and see for yourself. The above websites will help, but at the end of the day you've just got to go and see.
 
Namaste,

hmm... i'd say that unless you are from Tibet it's probably not all that important :) go to the center and see if it appeals to you... it may not and then all the fuss would be for naught.

from an academic standpoint i'm not sure that an objective narrative exists about the meaning of the events but the historical aspects are fairly cut and dry.

we had a discussion on the forum about it awhile ago which you may find interesting: http://www.interfaith.org/forum/geshe-kelsang-gyatso-and-dorje-3528.html

metta,

~v
 
Can someone kindly make clear the controversy surrounding Kadampa Buddhism and the Dalai Lama?

I have yet to find an objective explanation.

There is a Kadampa Buddhist center in my city however I am hesitant to attend because of the 'drama' and apparent violence surrounding the Dalai Lama's followers and this school of Buddhism.

There is a very good academic account by Dr. David N. Kay, published by RoutledgeCurzon. Since recently one had to pay a lot of money for the book but now it is available as a PDF online for free:

Just Google »David Kay “Tibetan and Zen Buddhism in Britain – Transplantation, development and adaptation”«
 
I wouldnt really trust David Kay after he defamed Pabongkha Rinpoche and accused him of destroying Padamasambhava statues when it was a rumor spread to sully his name. It is an open secret that 1)all Gelugpas of our generation derive their lineage from Pabongkha Rinpoche 2) Pabongkha Rinpoche had intimate knowledge about the Nyingma tradition and had mastered Dzogchen. How in any way could he have gone against Nyingma? 3) It is well known that Pabongkha Rinpoche was so popular that other sects blasted him with rumors and it is sad that a 'scholar' like Kay passes them as the truth. If the rumors of Pabongkha Rinpoche throwing those statues are true, then why is it not recorded, the date of when it happened, and which river did the statues ended up in?

[note to mods: I'm not bad mouthing david kay but someone needs to learn that not all of what he writes is the truth]

Now, about Dorje Shugden. The issues have divided many people and have caused much discrimination. Go to any Buddhist forum, open a topic with Dorje Shugden in it and watch your account get banned. People hate him but they dont even know who are they hating. Dorje Shugden is much much more than what the Dalai Lama says he is. At least, read up on who he is before deciding. there's a website somewhere filled with information about him. Dont just believe blindly. Investigate because these days even the words of scholars cannot be trusted.
 
Keeping an open mind and trusting your self is the best advice in this thread.
 
What are you doing?

You accuse a researcher of having defamed Pabongkha Rinpoche while the researcher, in that case David Kay, only reports what is a fact and also stated by other researchers and historians. For instance Prof Geoffrey Samuel, states in Civilized Shamans p.545-546:
The dominant Gelugpa figure of this period, apart from the 13th Dalai Lama himself, was his near contemporary, the 1st P’awongk’a Rimpoch’e (1878-1943). P’awongk’a Rimpoch’e was by all accounts a brilliant scholar and accomplished Tantric meditator, who is remembered with devotion by his disciples. He is remembered with less favor by the Nyingmapa order in K’am where, as the Dalai Lama’s representative, his attitude was one of sectarian intolerance towards non-Gelugpa orders and the Nyingmapa in particular. [...]


P’awongk’a thus stood in a complex relationship to the 13th Dalai Lama, and in fact the two men where not personally close. The 13th Dalai Lama, like the Great 5th, was interested in the Nyingmapa and Dzogch’en traditions, and received teachings from Rimed lamas such as Terton Sogyal. His own orientation seems to have been open minded and eclectic, and was not identified with P’awongk’a’s conservative and traditionalist faction. Nonetheless, P’awongk’a was in some respects the logical expression in the religious sphere of the transformation that the 13th Dalai Lama was trying to bring about. Had the Lhasa government ever succeeded in turning Tibet into an effective cetralized state, the Gelugpa might have continued to move in this direction and might have gradually eliminated the other Tibetan religious traditions in favor of a well-controlled academic and clerical version.


In fact, P’awongk’a’s influence was strongest after his death and that of the 13th Dalai Lama, and particularly after the forced resignation of the regent Reting (Ratreng) Rimpoch’e in 1941 and his replacement by Tagtrag Rimpoch’e, who had been a close associate of P’awongk’a and shared his conservative orientation. It was at that time that P’awongk’a’s students gradually moved into the dominant position that they have held within the Gelugpa order into the 1970s and 1980s.
This type of bad minded accusation of reputable scholars who disagree with Shugden proponents' point of view is a common tactic among Shugden adherents, and I found these attacks also on other forums, e.g. reddit where somone defamed Georges Dreyfus without having any evidence or good reason.
 
btw. that at least pabonkha rinpoche's students (pushed by his sectarian approach) were responsible for the forceful conversion of nyingma monasteries into gelug monasteris and the destruction of padmasambhava statues is even confirmed by high gelug lamas, not even they deny this but defend pabongkha insofar that they attribute the events nyingma and other witnesses reported to the students of pabongkha.

it is easy to keep the reputation of a beloved teacher clean by defaming others who contradict the own believed but it is just not fair.

Chagdud Tulku writes in his autobiography*:
In Chamdo I first encountered the bitter dregs of sectarian friction between the Gelugpa and other traditions of Tibetan Buddhism… Although there were doctrinal differences among the traditions, sometimes strongly disputed in formal debates, in Kham there was generally both acceptance and cooperation. Since both my father and stepfather were Gelugpa lamas, my mother’s family was Sakya, and I was trained in both Kagyu and Nyingma traditions, any outer sectarian divisiveness would have inwardly fragmented me. I was spared this conflict until I listened to stories in Chamdo, and hearing them I felt uncomfortable and sad.

People told me that previously several monasteries housing statues of Padmasambhava and Nyingma texts were located near Chamdo, but then a Gelugpa lama named Phabongkhapa came from Central Tibet. He had contempt for the Nyingma tradition and thought that its doctrine was false and its practitioners wrongheaded. The dissention that ensued resulted in persecution, the destruction of many Nyingma texts and statues of Padmasambhava, and the conversion of monasteries from Nyingma to Gelugpa. This was followed by a severe drought and famine in the region.
and there are similar accounts by others. you can just ignore all of these or open up to listen to others even if what they say does not conform with your views and might be hurtful because you cling to much to your own view.

* Lord of the Dance: The Autobiography of A Tibetan Lama, By Chagdud Tulku, an eminent Nyingma master, Padma Publishing, 1992, Pilgrims Publishers Edition, Kathmandu 2001, page 107
 
btw. that at least pabonkha rinpoche's students (pushed by his sectarian approach) were responsible for the forceful conversion of nyingma monasteries into gelug monasteris and the destruction of padmasambhava statues is even confirmed by high gelug lamas, not even they deny this but defend pabongkha insofar that they attribute the events nyingma and other witnesses reported to the students of pabongkha.

it is easy to keep the reputation of a beloved teacher clean by defaming others who contradict the own believed but it is just not fair.
I dont think you really do grasp the situation here. Like I have said I am not defaming david kay, but i question his credibility because all the Gelug lamas I know says that it is impossible for Pabongkha Rinpoche to show even the slightest disrespect to Padmasambhava statue and ALL of them say that it is a result of nasty rumors. And for scholars to not take that into account and then write nasty papers about Pabongkha, is that fair? Now do you see where im coming from?

Chagdud Tulku writes in his autobiography*:
In Chamdo I first encountered the bitter dregs of sectarian friction between the Gelugpa and other traditions of Tibetan Buddhism… Although there were doctrinal differences among the traditions, sometimes strongly disputed in formal debates, in Kham there was generally both acceptance and cooperation. Since both my father and stepfather were Gelugpa lamas, my mother’s family was Sakya, and I was trained in both Kagyu and Nyingma traditions, any outer sectarian divisiveness would have inwardly fragmented me. I was spared this conflict until I listened to stories in Chamdo, and hearing them I felt uncomfortable and sad.

People told me that previously several monasteries housing statues of Padmasambhava and Nyingma texts were located near Chamdo, but then a Gelugpa lama named Phabongkhapa came from Central Tibet. He had contempt for the Nyingma tradition and thought that its doctrine was false and its practitioners wrongheaded. The dissention that ensued resulted in persecution, the destruction of many Nyingma texts and statues of Padmasambhava, and the conversion of monasteries from Nyingma to Gelugpa. This was followed by a severe drought and famine in the region.
and there are similar accounts by others. you can just ignore all of these or open up to listen to others even if what they say does not conform with your views and might be hurtful because you cling to much to your own view.
I know about all these stories. but like i have said the lack of details about these accounts are sketchy at the most and it seems that the Gelug lamas were not consulted, neither did they read Pabongkha's biography.

* Lord of the Dance: The Autobiography of A Tibetan Lama, By Chagdud Tulku, an eminent Nyingma master, Padma Publishing, 1992, Pilgrims Publishers Edition, Kathmandu 2001, page 107

I feel that all the accusations against Pabongkha are both silly and tragic because if you're a Gelugpa, you would have learnt that he indeed has accomplished Dzogchen and he has studied a lot of Nyingma teachings and he also had a statue of Padmasambhava. It is also well known that the Tibetans of that time was extremely jealous of Pabongkha's fame that they said nasty things against him. For example when Trijang Rinpoche was extolling the virtues of the Gelug, a group of Kagyus who heard it immediately said that Trijang Rinpoche was being sectarian and that Trijang Rinpoche said that the Kagyus were inferior when Trijang Rinpoche never said anything like that. This is how Tibetans work and how they can trick you into being their side and pass the lies as the truth.

If you feel that it is unfair for me to 'defame' david kay, how is it fair for Pabongkha Rinpoche for so many people to post rumors against him and worse of all, those are passed as the truth?

Now I am giving you a different perspective in this matter. It's up to you to see it as you think fit.
 
I feel that all the accusations against Pabongkha are both silly and tragic because if you're a Gelugpa, you would have learnt that he indeed has accomplished Dzogchen and he has studied a lot of Nyingma teachings and he also had a statue of Padmasambhava. It is also well known that the Tibetans of that time was extremely jealous of Pabongkha's fame that they said nasty things against him. For example when Trijang Rinpoche was extolling the virtues of the Gelug, a group of Kagyus who heard it immediately said that Trijang Rinpoche was being sectarian and that Trijang Rinpoche said that the Kagyus were inferior when Trijang Rinpoche never said anything like that. This is how Tibetans work and how they can trick you into being their side and pass the lies as the truth.

If you feel that it is unfair for me to 'defame' david kay, how is it fair for Pabongkha Rinpoche for so many people to post rumors against him and worse of all, those are passed as the truth?

Now I am giving you a different perspective in this matter. It's up to you to see it as you think fit.

Sorry but history has nothing to do with "I feel" but facts. And that at least fanatical followers of him did is, is just a fact. It's always easy to put down others' criticism by claiming they would be "extremely jealous", actual this is the next insult you are issuing here: the researchers are wrong and those who criticise someone who is precious to you are "extremely jealous" "of Pabongkha's fame" – it follows that the critics are deluded and are not even proper Dharma practitioners because they have an eye on fame & reputation. In this way you slander the critics without evaluating the history and the arguments they issue forth.

To tell facts is no rumour, and to neglect history while slandering critics is not "a different perspective in this matter" either.

To base what I say on facts I quote you first Kay, and you can tell me how "he defamed Pabongkha Rinpoche and accused him of destroying Padamasambhava statues" and then I quote Pabongkha Rinpoche himself and I would like to know how what he says is not sectarian.

Kay:
As the Gelug agent of the Tibetan government in Kham (Khams) (Eastern Tibet), and in response to the Rimed movement that had originated and was flowering in that region, Phabongkha Rinpoche and his disciples employed repressive measures against non-Gelug sects. Religious artefacts associated with Padmasambhava – who is revered as a ‘second Buddha’ by Nyingma practitioners – were destroyed, and non-Gelug, and particularly Nyingma, monasteries were forcibly converted to the Gelug position.11 A key element of Phabongkha Rinpoche’s outlook was the cult of the protective deity Dorje Shugden, which he married to the idea of Gelug exclusivism and employed against other traditions as well as against those within the Gelug who had eclectic tendencies.12

11 Kapstein describes how Phabongkha’s visions of Dorje Shugden ‘seem to have entailed a commitment to oppose actively the other schools of Tibetan Buddhism and the Bon-po’ (Kapstein 1989: 231). Samuel also describes how Phabongkha, a strict purist and conservative, adopted an attitude of sectarian intolerance and ‘instituted a campaign to convert non-Gelugpa gompa in K‘am to the Gelugpa school, by force where necessary’ (Samuel 1993: 52).

12 There are actually conflicting views concerning the extent of Phabongkha’s exclusivism, and it is important to acknowledge that a different picture is painted by others who maintain that he was not as actively sectarian as is widely claimed. The image presented here is gleaned from Kapstein (1989), Samuel (1993), Dreyfus (1998) and Beyer (1978), as well as from personal discussions with Gelug Buddhists.
Pabongkha about Shugden:
[This protector of the doctrine] is extremely important for holding Dzong-ka-ba’s tradition without mixing and corrupting [it] with confusions due to the great violence and the speed of the force of his actions, which fall like lightning to punish violently all those beings who have wronged the Yellow Hat Tradition, whether they are high or low. [This protector is also particularly significant with respect to the fact that] many from our own side, monks or lay people, high or low, are not content with Dzong-ka-ba’s tradition, which is like pure gold, [and] have mixed and corrupted [this tradition with ] the mistaken views and practices from other schools, which are tenet systems that are reputed to be incredibly profound and amazingly fast but are [in reality] mistakes among mistakes, faulty, dangerous and misleading paths. In regard to this situation, this protector of the doctrine, this witness, manifests his own form or a variety of unbearable manifestations of terrifying and frightening wrathful and fierce appearances. Due to that, a variety of events, some of them having happened or happening, some of which have been heard or seen, seem to have taken place: some people become unhinged and mad, some have a heart attack and suddenly die, some [see] through a variety of inauspicious signs [their] wealth, accumulated possessions and descendants disappear without leaving any trace, like a pond whose feeding river has ceased, whereas some [find it] difficult to achieve anything in successive lifetimes.
If you wish I can give you the exact sources. As Buddhists, I think, we should be open and openly question also our own believes and opinions if they can withstand reality or not.
 
"Like I have said I am not defaming david kay, but i question his credibility because all the Gelug lamas I know says that it is impossible for Pabongkha Rinpoche to show even the slightest disrespect to Padmasambhava statue and ALL of them say that it is a result of nasty rumors. And for scholars to not take that into account and then write nasty papers about Pabongkha, is that fair? Now do you see where im coming from"

Consequent would be also to question what your lamas say. Kays work has been published by Routledge Curzon, is peer-reviewed and he only quotes excellent researchers in his work who have an excellent reputation. As I said, high Gelug lamas confirmed to me the destruction of Padmasambhava statues and the conversion of Nyingma momasteries. Ans also Kay has asked Gelugpas for his research.
 
I don't get it, it's 'defaming' to question a persons paper? That sounds scientific.
 
I don't get it, it's 'defaming' to question a persons paper? That sounds scientific.

Then first of all you should also wonder why it is 'defaming' to question Pabongkha Rinpoche.
Secondly, it's a tactic in all forums where the Shugden issue is coming up that when someone suggests neutral academic research that the researchers are put down as biased, having failed etc. because academic research doesn't conform to the claims of Shugden followers.

It is perfectly fine to criticize research but this should be done based on good arguments and no by slandering the opponent of having failed as a researcher.

This tactic is for instance also applied on reddit forum. Someone recommends the most accepted research on Shugden by Dreyfus, and then a Shugden follower states:

"Sadly, Georges Dreyfus's presentation is full of inaccuracies and half-truths. It's a political document that supports a view promoted by the Tibetan Government in Exile. It promotes the view that Shugden practice was propagated and popularised by Je Pabongkhapa, a great Gelugpa Lama of the 19/20th century but there is a whole site of historical references that show that Dorje Shugden's practice goes back 350 years and that he was regarded as an enlightened being by the Nyingma, Sakya and Gelugpa traditions."

Think what heavy accusations these are. Someone replies to that person "This comment is not only false but slanderous. First of all, it is quite a serious accusation to say that a scholar's work is not an effort at a fair and legitimate exposition of a subject, but simply politically motivated work." and asks to give prove for this heavy accusation but the person fails utterly to prove or to give evidence.
 
I wrote my reply in a rush, so it's not really precise. And since the time to change the post is run out I post my corrected post here again. Sorry for the confusion it might create.

I don't get it, it's 'defaming' to question a persons paper? That sounds scientific.

Then first of all you should also wonder why it is 'defaming' to question Pabongkha Rinpoche or even why it is 'defaming' to report that there are sources that describe him as a sectarian person who was involved in sectarian disputes. It would be only defaming if this were not true. But these reports exist and are seen by the majority of researcher as reliable.

Secondly, it's a tactic in all forums where the Shugden issue is coming up that when someone suggests neutral academic research that the researchers are put down as biased, having failed etc. because academic research does in most of what it says not conform with the claims of Shugden followers.

It is perfectly fine to criticize research but this should be done based on good arguments and no by slandering the opponent of having failed as a researcher. Kay just reports that there are many sources that accuse Pabongkha of being involved in sectarian disputes. And this is just true. The only arguments against this by TenzinChoje is that these reports are seen by TenzinChoje as being "silly and tragic", and that the events would "lack of details about these accounts are sketchy at the most" + "Gelug lamas were not consulted, neither did they read Pabongkha's biography". However, Gelug lamas were consulted and these sources exist that accuse Pabongkha of this and they exist from different sources and they match each other, these reports are also approved by Gelug lamas. To read a euphemistic biography / hagiography doesn't help to get more clarity because hagiographies serve as a religious means to increase faith in the reader into the extra-normal being that's being depicted.

This tactic to attack researchers is for instance also applied on reddit forum. Someone recommends the most accepted research on Shugden by Dreyfus, and then a Shugden follower states:

"Sadly, Georges Dreyfus's presentation is full of inaccuracies and half-truths. It's a political document that supports a view promoted by the Tibetan Government in Exile. It promotes the view that Shugden practice was propagated and popularised by Je Pabongkhapa, a great Gelugpa Lama of the 19/20th century but there is a whole site of historical references that show that Dorje Shugden's practice goes back 350 years and that he was regarded as an enlightened being by the Nyingma, Sakya and Gelugpa traditions."

Think what heavy accusations these are. Someone replies to that person "This comment is not only false but slanderous. First of all, it is quite a serious accusation to say that a scholar's work is not an effort at a fair and legitimate exposition of a subject, but simply politically motivated work." and asks to give prove for this heavy accusation but the person fails utterly to prove or to give evidence.
 
As I see it, there are two sides to this coin and either side quotes their own authority. All the facts shown are quotes from one or the other. What is typical and what is on reddit is besides the point, simply meet the criticism at hand.
 
As I see it, there are two sides to this coin and either side quotes their own authority. All the facts shown are quotes from one or the other. What is typical and what is on reddit is besides the point, simply meet the criticism at hand.

Your argument is mainly suggesting to me, that the issue cannot be decided because both sides have arguments. One can see it that way, however, if one really wants to understand the issue one can investigate what arguments are based on facts and valid and what arguments are misleading, not based on facts and only blur the issue.

Personally I know both sides of the arguments. I was a convinced Shugden follower and I protested against the Dalai Lama. So I know that side very well. Later I opened up and investigated the issue anew, then I realized that the Shugden opponents have their own arguments.

To help myself, I was thinking I should also check sources that are not involved in the conflict so I read accepted, peer-reviewed and published academic research. This helped me a lot to balance my own understanding and what I learned from both sides.

It's co-accidental that academic research goes quite along with the Dalai Lama's point of view.

Because I find academic research enough dispassionate to both sides of the conflict I usually recommend academic research. However, always when I do this, Shugden followers try to slander the researchers as being "biased", "spreading TGIE propaganda" etc. I think this is quite unfair and also deepens the conflict.

IMO, as Buddhist one should be open to listen, to see how the things are, openly investigate and use scriptures and reasoning in order to cultivate a good understanding of things. It's not good to cling too much on the own views or just to repeat "because my lama said".

That's it from my side.
 
IMO, as Buddhist one should be open to listen, to see how the things are, openly investigate and use scriptures and reasoning in order to cultivate a good understanding of things. It's not good to cling too much on the own views or just to repeat "because my lama said".

That's it from my side.

then, why are you clinging to the words of academic scholars that base their work on some hearsay, that lack solid evidence and proof and use it against others? if you can ask people to not cling to their own views, you're clearly clinging to your own by asserting that whatever the scholars wrote are true and must not be disputed, and whatever they said are facts, and anything that goes against them is wrong, and those who go against them are Dorje Shugden symphatizers when clearly there are many other sources that point that it is impossible for Pabongkha Rinpoche to go against Guru Rinpoche. You said that yourself.

Open mind? maybe you should open up yours and do some research yourself and listen to both sides because clearly, you are listening to only one side of the story and totally discount the fact that there is a possibility that these scholars are writing to discredit Pabongkha Rinpoche for whatever reasons they may have in mind. And yet you defend them so bravely and passionately, enough to call me names.

So little is known about Tibetan history, and so much about Tibetan history is littered with half truths and colorer with discrimination. Just because his peers say its good dosent mean it is the truth, if it contradicts with what many others already know.

Sometimes, do re-read the advice you give to others, because it seems that you need that yourself too.
 
then, why are you clinging to the words of academic scholars that base their work on some hearsay, that lack solid evidence and proof and use it against others? if you can ask people to not cling to their own views, you're clearly clinging to your own by asserting that whatever the scholars wrote are true and must not be disputed, and whatever they said are facts, and anything that goes against them is wrong, and those who go against them are Dorje Shugden symphatizers when clearly there are many other sources that point that it is impossible for Pabongkha Rinpoche to go against Guru Rinpoche. You said that yourself.

Open mind? maybe you should open up yours and do some research yourself and listen to both sides because clearly, you are listening to only one side of the story and totally discount the fact that there is a possibility that these scholars are writing to discredit Pabongkha Rinpoche for whatever reasons they may have in mind. And yet you defend them so bravely and passionately, enough to call me names.

So little is known about Tibetan history, and so much about Tibetan history is littered with half truths and colorer with discrimination. Just because his peers say its good dosent mean it is the truth, if it contradicts with what many others already know.

Sometimes, do re-read the advice you give to others, because it seems that you need that yourself too.

Tenzin Choje for me you appear as one of the classical (somewhat fanatical) Shugden devotees. Why?

Because you think your position is 100% correct and others who oppose your point of view are 100% wrong you assume that I must "cling … to the words of academic scholars" by this you put me down claiming I have a distorted clinging mind – and at the same time you don't consider that you yourself might (also) have a clinging mind that clings to Shugden and what your lamas claimed about him. After you have deprecated me as a spiritual person by claiming I have a clinging and therefore distorted mind you attack the next source the academics by claiming their work would be based on hearsay, and therefore would be invalid. If there are witnesses who observed the distruction of Padmasambhava statues and Nyingma temples by fanatical Shugden devotees in Kham who are reporting this you must prove that their eye witness accounts are invalid and hearsay but what prove do you have except baseless claims? There are many eye witnesses who confirm this and there are high Gelug lamas (one of them a Hotuktu) who confirm this sectarianism in Kham too. But since these reports don't fit your views you just put all this down as "hearsay". Sorry this is totally close minded and the only benefit you gain is that you can keep up your own view and that you continue to be in conflict with the facts and those who disagree with you.

I don't have the view that whatever the scholars write is true. Nor do I have the view what the Gelug lamas claim is all true.

I checked many sources and I asked high Gelug lamas who all approve the sectarian deeds of Pabongkha devotees in Kham. I have done my work, and I don't see a need to convince you. You have to find out yourself what the facts are, and to question the sources who claim this or that.

What you advice me you have to apply also to yourself: "So little is known about Tibetan history, and so much about Tibetan history is littered with half truths and colorer with discrimination. Just because [your Shugden] peers say its good doesn't mean it is the truth, if it contradicts with what many others already know. Sometimes, do re-read the advice you give to others, because it seems that you need that yourself too."
 
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