Afghan Supreme Court rules Bahai Apostates

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Ruth White

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"Non-Muslim minority groups, particularly Christian, Hindu, Sikh, and Bahai groups, which together constitute approximately 1 percent of the population, were targets of discrimination and persecution. The minority Shia community continued to face discrimination from the majority Sunni population. Authorities detained at least two converts from Islam to Christianity during the reporting period, although both have since been released. Television programming led to increased negative public opinion and suspicion of Christian activities and targeted violence and harassment against Christians, including converts from Islam. The Afghan Supreme Court ruled that membership in the Bahai Faith constituted blasphemy and that Muslims who convert to the Bahai Faith are apostates. Local Hindu and Sikh populations continued to encounter problems in obtaining land for cremation and harassment during major celebrations."

allAfrica.com: Africa: Executive Summary of Individual Country Reports (Page 1 of 2)

Recognizing Bahais aren't alone in terms of religious persecution in Afghanistan, I find it interesting that the Afghan Supreme Court rules Bahais are blasphemers and apostates, exactly what Haifan Bahai "scholars" have long done against Bahais of other denominations and conscience.

Here's the likely scenario, judging from past cases: The Wilmette-Haifan nsa, after repeatedly trying to destroy other Bahai denominations in the US Federal Courts, and after such Bahais as Moojan Momen libeled 15 Bahis in the London academic journal "Religion," the nsa and the uhj will appeal to the US State Department to protect its rights to religious freedom and conscience in Afghanistan, running ads in the New York Times and media beating its breast, bewailing how innocent it is, though nary word about its hypocrisy...

‘Marginality and Apostasy in the Baha’i Community’ (Religion 37 [2007] 187–209. Response to it from some of the maligned: Responses to Apostacy
 

The plight of Afgan Baha'is is I think an important issue and this ruling by the Afgan Supreme Court occurred around 2007. Here is a more detailed account of what it involves:

Here's a more detailed account of what that Fatwa entails:

"According to Islamic law, conversion from Islam is punishable by death. In recent years this sentence was not carried out in practice. On April 9, police arrested a citizen, born a member of the Baha'i faith, after his wife exposed his religious beliefs to authorities. Officials detained him for 31 days in jail without charges, in contravention of the penal code. Authorities released him on May 11 after the international community expressed its concern. Upon his release, he fled to another country. On May 20, the General Directorate of Fatwas and Accounts under the Supreme Court issued a ruling on the status of the Baha'i faith, declaring it a form of blasphemy. The ruling also declared all Muslims who convert to Baha'i to be apostates and all followers of the Baha'i faith to be infidels."

http://www.ecoi.net/188769::afghanistan/314492.312723.7936...mr.312747/bahai.htm


I would strongly suggest here that the status of "apostates from Islam" has little to do with someone labelled an "apostate" by one Baha'i writer.

Also US Court cases concerning the Faith are not in my view comparable in any way to the "General Directorate of Fatwas and Accounts" under the Supreme Court in Afganistan.

Sure it would be wonderful if Afganistan were to adopt say a civil rights stance and recognize minority religions but such is not the case.

Also I don't believe the internet is the proper venue to try cases.. US Courts hear cases all the time and I think in this country they have their own case histories and precedents which include hearing both sides of a dispute and Baha'is also respect the Court rulings and follow the laws of the land.
 

The plight of Afgan Baha'is is I think an important issue and this ruling by the Afgan Supreme Court occurred around 2007. Here is a more detailed account of what it involves:

Here's a more detailed account of what that Fatwa entails:

"According to Islamic law, conversion from Islam is punishable by death. In recent years this sentence was not carried out in practice. On April 9, police arrested a citizen, born a member of the Baha'i faith, after his wife exposed his religious beliefs to authorities. Officials detained him for 31 days in jail without charges, in contravention of the penal code. Authorities released him on May 11 after the international community expressed its concern. Upon his release, he fled to another country. On May 20, the General Directorate of Fatwas and Accounts under the Supreme Court issued a ruling on the status of the Baha'i faith, declaring it a form of blasphemy. The ruling also declared all Muslims who convert to Baha'i to be apostates and all followers of the Baha'i faith to be infidels."

http://www.ecoi.net/188769::afghanistan/314492.312723.7936...mr.312747/bahai.htm


I would strongly suggest here that the status of "apostates from Islam" has little to do with someone labelled an "apostate" by one Baha'i writer.

Also US Court cases concerning the Faith are not in my view comparable in any way to the "General Directorate of Fatwas and Accounts" under the Supreme Court in Afganistan.

Sure it would be wonderful if Afganistan were to adopt say a civil rights stance and recognize minority religions but such is not the case.

Also I don't believe the internet is the proper venue to try cases.. US Courts hear cases all the time and I think in this country they have their own case histories and precedents which include hearing both sides of a dispute and Baha'is also respect the Court rulings and follow the laws of the land.

Much of what you say ignores the hypocrisy and double standards implicit in Haifan Baha'i denouncing of other Bahais as "covenant breakers" and apostates. Further, though the terms change from Shia Islam, the *function* remains largely the same. Most Baha'is and non-Bahais fail to perceive and realize that fact, though many ultimately experience the reality. For decades of such abuse of conscience, see

Shunning > Menu
Baha'i Shunning > Menu - Slander & Shunning - Coercive Methods used in the Baha'i Faith

Compare "The Bahai Technique" - Slander & Shunning
The Baha'i Technique - Slander & Shunning  - Coercive Methods used in the Baha'i Faith - "According to the direct and sacred command of God we are forbidden to utter slander." --Abdu'l-Baha
 

I would strongly suggest here that the status of "apostates from Islam" has little to do with someone labelled an "apostate" by one Baha'i writer.

Also US Court cases concerning the Faith are not in my view comparable in any way to the "General Directorate of Fatwas and Accounts" under the Supreme Court in Afganistan.

Sure it would be wonderful if Afganistan were to adopt say a civil rights stance and recognize minority religions but such is not the case.

Also I don't believe the internet is the proper venue to try cases.. US Courts hear cases all the time and I think in this country they have their own case histories and precedents which include hearing both sides of a dispute and Baha'is also respect the Court rulings and follow the laws of the land.

Here's a link to Moojan Momen's ‘Marginality and Apostasy in the Baha'i Community.’" Pages 384-393. I invite the reader to read or skim for him or herself. I "strongly suggest" there isn't any difference between the way accusations of apostasy are used in Islam and in the Haifan interpretation of the Baha'i Faith. "One Baha'i writer" is a prevarication. Many Haifan Baha'is think the same way and *treat* Baha'is and non-Baha'is like "apostates" despite their misrepresentations otherwise: Marginality and Apostasy in the Baha'i Community

Note that "apostate" occurs 129 times in Momen's paper. Again, his fervor demonstrates it is *exactly* the same as in Islam, because the Haifan Baha'i essentially reverted to Shia Islam under the imamate of Shoghi Effendi. Momen's article is libelous and the editors where appalled and abashed that they had had the poor judgement to let it slip by and publish it, when I exchanged emails with them regarding my own "Response to Takfir," which was published in the same academic journal, Religion, in a subsequent issue:

"A Response to Takfir." Moojan Momen's Takfir & Slanderous Vilification:
"Marginality and apostasy in the Baha'i community." Religion.
Volume 37, Issue 3, September 2007, Pages 187-209.
Frederick Glaysher, A Response to Takfir, Religion 38 No 4 2008, Moojan Momen

The US Federal Court cases in the 7th District of Northern Illinois are highly relevant because the judges had the wisdom to recognize that what the Wilmette Haifan Baha'i denomination was attempting to do violated the US Constitution and rights of the Bahai members of the several different interpretations of Bahai. Extensive details accessible at The Baha'i Faith & Religious Freedom of Conscience The Baha'i Faith & Religious Freedom of Conscience Essentially, it's the fact that the US Courts are real courts concerned about justice and individual conscience, unlike the fanatical courts of Afganistan, whose sense of "justice" the Haifan universal house of "justice" basically shares, issuing its own "fatwas" against "apostates" and "covenant breakers."

Sure it would be wonderful if the Haifan Wilmette universal house of justice and Baha'is were to adopt say a civil rights stance and recognize minority Baha'i denominations but such is not the case.

What you're saying is that you don't believe a free, open, uncensored forum on the Internet is the
"proper venue" to discuss the fact that a Haifan Baha'i scholar who is highly respected by the Haifan community has published an article in a prestigious religious studies journal in London, "Religion," that smears and reviles **FIFTEEN** different people, including citizens of the United Kingdom, as *apostates* for expressing their own opinions and ideas, on and off the Internet, ideas which differ in various degrees from the doctrines of the uhj. I believe a free, open, uncensored forum on the Internet is the *perfect* place to exchange ideas with my fellow citizens in the USA and people throughout the world. The less a forum is controlled by a religious theocracy or its minions the better in my opinion.

The US Courts certainly listened to both sides of the cases before them and they rendered their verdict:

Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals
Public Access to Oral Argument recordings,Opinions
08-2306 : Nat'l Spiritual v. Nat'l Spiritual
2 02/20/2009 02/20/2009 Oral Argument
3 11/23/2010 11/23/2010 Opinion (SYKES)

List of Documents in case
 
I "strongly suggest" there isn't any difference between the way accusations of apostasy are used in Islam and in the Haifan interpretation of the Baha'i Faith.
Well, except for the whole imprisonment-and-threats-of-execution part...
 
Well, except for the whole imprisonment-and-threats-of-execution part...

Does that mean we're in agreement on

"Slanderous Vilification" = The Baha'i Technique - Ad Hominem, Libel,
Slander, Demonize, Scapegoat, Ostracize, Shun, Banish, Backbite,
Defame, Vilify, Discredit, Smear, Revile, Suppress, Attack, Bully,
Intimidate, Threaten, Malign, Blackball, Deceive, Coerce, Silence,
Harass... etc., etc... through the US Courts, driving out university professors, on and on...

Not to mention a FRAUDULENT will and testament, the fact of its CRIME, fobbed off as the Master's for over 80 years, on a naive, uninformed, gullible flock of eager believers...

Shunning > Menu
Baha'i Shunning > Menu - Slander & Shunning - Coercive Methods used in the Baha'i Faith

Compare "The Bahai Technique" - Slander & Shunning
The Baha'i Technique - Slander & Shunning  - Coercive Methods used in the Baha'i Faith - "According to the direct and sacred command of God we are forbidden to utter slander." --Abdu'l-Baha

And it's clear what other crimes have been committed in the dark, have not yet made to the light of day... sounds and acts like Shiism.
 
Well, except for the whole imprisonment-and-threats-of-execution part...

And the contrast is clear, I trust, between those Baha'is who endeavor to progress the Faith as a whole and its stress on unity and harmony, and the one or two individuals who spend all their time attacking other individuals and the established Baha'i Faith as a whole!

Bruce
 


...and the one or two individuals who spend all their time attacking other individuals and the established Baha'i Faith as a whole!

Bruce

Covering for Moojan Momen? His attacking and slandering people as "apostates" suits you just fine? Ad hominem is what you've indulged in; I presented the *published* evidence of what Momen passed off on a reputable academic journal as "scholarship." It's no surprise the Haifan Baha'is would want to hide that fact, as they have sought to conceal their acts against other Bahai denominations in the US Federal courts...

Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals
Public Access to Oral Argument recordings,Opinions
08-2306 : Nat'l Spiritual v. Nat'l Spiritual
2 02/20/2009 02/20/2009 Oral Argument
3 11/23/2010 11/23/2010 Opinion (SYKES)

List of Documents in case http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/fdocs/docs.fwx?caseno=08-2306&submit=showdkt&yr=08&num=2306
 
Does that mean we're in agreement on...
I didn't "agree" with you on anything: I'm an outsider who has no dog in this fight and could hardly care (if you do not read the other boards and do not know where I stand: I utterly reject the notion of "prophets" or "scriptures", considering it a blasphemous idolatry to call any human's words the "word of God"; the Bible, Qur'an etc. are old books, which have stood the test of time and are worth studying for historical purposes as well as any insights, but they are just old books; I do not care whether Baha'ullah "counts" as a "prophet" because that doesn't mean anything to me, nor do I care whether your group or the group in Haifa has a better interpretation of his words).

All I did was say "except for the imprisonment-and-execution..." which I meant in the sense of the old joke, "Other than THAT, Mrs. Lincoln, how did you enjoy the play?" That is, you were saying that what's happening in the US is "just like" what happens in Afghanistan, which is utterly absurd. If you don't want to belong to the Haifa organization, then DON'T; nobody is making you join that organization under any kind of threat if you don't join.
Harass... etc., etc... through the US Courts
On the "trademark" issue I think your side is definitely in the wrong. If you don't like the Haifa organization, then don't imitate their identity. If someone has met people calling themselves "Baha'i" and liked them, and knows that the "Universal House of Justice" is the name of their leadership organization, and then finds a web-site using some very slight variation of the name "Universal House of Justice", they may be deceived into thinking this is the same group. Why would you want to promote such confusion?

All that the court ruling you cite is saying, is that the issue of which names and symbols you shouldn't be using needs to be litigated from scratch, rather than trying to enforce an old ruling against an organization that has fallen apart, against people who were not sufficiently in control of the former litigation that they can fairly be said to have had their day in court already.
Not to mention a FRAUDULENT will and testament, the fact of its CRIME
I would hardly call the fraudulence of that will a "fact": all I see from your side is that it was one person's opinion-- and this person was not acquainted with the language or script; this is important because the language is actually written in multiple variant scripts depending on the level of formality of the occasion, and your expert was basing his opinion that the signature on the will was not the same as the other exemplar signatures he had seen simply on the fact that they were not visually similar. Now again, I am an outsider to this fight, and have no stake in whether the will was genuine or not, but I do not find the evidence here very compelling.
Compare "The Bahai Technique" - Slander & Shunning
The only "slander" you seem to be complaining about is that they call you "apostate" and so on. Well, you ARE a breakaway group; that's just a fact; it is their OPINION that in breaking away from the larger group you were also breaking away from the original faith, and that is why they call you "apostate"-- so OK, you think that is a wrong opinion, and that you are truer to the original faith, but the point is, it is not "slander" for them to express their sincerely held opinion, for which they have what seems to them an adequate basis, even if you have counter-arguments. Luther is called an "apostate" by the Catholic Church: certainly, he did break off from them. Contrariwise, some Protestants will call the whole Catholic Church a "great apostasy" from the original Christianity. Well, as a non-Christian I do not presume to decide whether Luther or the Vatican had a better interpretation of the original meaning of Paul's epistles or whatever; each side has their reasons for saying what they do.

And I don't understand your complaint about "shunning" at all. If you hate them so much (the vitriol does seem to be much more from your side than the other way around, from what I've seen), then why do you WANT them to associate with you? Are you claiming that they have some DUTY to associate with you, whether they want anything to do with you or not? Especially when you've made it clear you don't want anything to do with them, either?
 
...I do not care whether Baha'ullah "counts" as a "prophet" because that doesn't mean anything to me, nor do I care whether your group or the group in Haifa has a better interpretation of his words).

All I did was say "except for the imprisonment-and-execution..." which I meant in the sense of the old joke....

On the "trademark" issue I think your side is definitely in the wrong. If you don't like the Haifa organization, then don't imitate their identity....

All that the court ruling you cite is saying, is that the issue of which names and symbols you shouldn't be using needs to be litigated from scratch...

I would hardly call the fraudulence of that will a "fact": all I see from your side is that it was one person's opinion-- .... Now again, I am an outsider to this fight, and have no stake in whether the will was genuine or not, but I do not find the evidence here very compelling.

The only "slander" you seem to be complaining about is that they call you "apostate" and so on. Well, you ARE a breakaway group.... Well, as a non-Christian I do not presume to decide whether Luther or the Vatican had a better interpretation of the original meaning of Paul's epistles or whatever; each side has their reasons for saying what they do.

And I don't understand your complaint about "shunning" at all. If you hate them so much (the vitriol does seem to be much more from your side than the other way around, from what I've seen), then why do you WANT them to associate with you? Are you claiming that they have some DUTY to associate with you, whether they want anything to do with you or not? Especially when you've made it clear you don't want anything to do with them, either?


"I do not care..." I respect your conscience. I do care.

"Old joke." It's not a joke. The one you cite seems callous and insensitive of Mrs. Lincoln's pain and suffering and that her husband was murdered.

The Interpretation of Abdul-Baha defines Baha'u'llah's Teachings for the modern world, not the fraudulent will and testament of the corrupt uhj, elected in a non-democratic system, unlike what was proscribed by Abdul-Baha. We're not imitating them; they're imitating, while perverting and destroying, the historical form demonstrated in word and deed by Abdul-Baha. Their "identity" is not the Bahai Faith, which existed in the West for over two decades before Shoghi Effendi and his family took it over.

"All that the court ruling you cite is saying..." False. The US Federal Courts repeatedly affirmed the right of other Bahai denominations to exist:

Judge Diane S. Sykes: "Clearly raises some constitutional concerns."
Judge William J. Bauer: "How about Reform Bahai?"

From Judge Sykes' Opinion:

p 7: False finding of "fact" by Judge Austin in 1966

p 13: "...civil authorities may not make judgments about religious controversies when deciding church property disputes. Kedroff, 344 U.S. at 116. (The church-autonomy principle recognized in Watson “must now be said to have federal constitutional protection as a part of the free exercise of religion against state interference.”)."
"Building on Kedroff, the Supreme Court held in Presbyterian Church that “the First Amendment severely circumscribes the role that civil courts may play in resolving church property disputes.”

p 14-15: "Considered in light of these First Amendment limitations on the court’s authority, certain aspects of the 1966 injunction are troubling. The decree declares that “there is only one Baha’i Faith,” that Shoghi Effendi was its last Guardian and none has come since, and the National Spiritual Assembly was its representative and “highest authority” in the United States and was “entitled to exclusive use of the marks and symbols of the Faith,” including the exclusive use of the word “Bahá’í.” Declarations of this sort push the boundaries of the court’s authority under Kedroff and Presbyterian Church. In church property disputes (trademark suits obviously qualify), the First Amendment limits the sphere in which civil courts may operate. When a district judge takes sides in a religious schism, purports to decide matters of spiritual succession, and excludes dissenters from using the name, symbols, and marks of the faith (as distinct from the name and marks of a church) [boldface added], the First Amendment line appears to have been crossed."

Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals
Public Access to Oral Argument recordings,Opinions
08-2306 : Nat'l Spiritual v. Nat'l Spiritual
2 02/20/2009 02/20/2009 Oral Argument
3 11/23/2010 11/23/2010 Opinion (SYKES)

List of Documents in case http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/fdocs/do...yr=08&num=2306

"One person's opinion..." False. The historical record shows that many left the Bahai Movement because of the fraudulent will and testament, given the fact that it changed the entire nature of Abdul-Baha's Interpretation for the modern world:

"The reader may ascertain for himself ... in THE WORLD ALMANAC for 1931 on page 391. There he will find that in 1916 the number of Bahais in the United States and Canada was listed as 2,884. But since this group became papists under Shoghi Effendi their numbes have diminished to 1,247 under his "Guardianship" [1,637 left]."

" I am an outsider..." I don't know that for a fact; nor have the time nor inclination to investigate whether that's true. In Haifan Baha'i cyberspace, such claims have often proven false upon scrutiny. See Good Cop/Bad Cop,
CAUTION *** Psychological War Zone *** Newcomers __
CAUTION *** Psychological War Zone *** Newcomers

You have not investigated the evidence beyond a cursory level, apparently since you "don't care."

"You ARE a breakaway group..." False. They are the group that broke away from Abdul-Baha's open, liberal, universal, progressive Interpretation, which emphasized true religion "cannot be organized." They wanted to organize it for power, money, and control. That's what the Haifans are all about. Your relativism, not caring about the truth of the matter, is negatively influencing your perception, in my view, with all respect.

"Vitriol..." You clearly don't know much about the Haifans, or you've been duped by them, or one of them using a false identity. For the tip of the iceberg, see the following, then click to the homepage for more:

"The Bahai Technique":
The Baha'i Technique - Slander & Shunning  - Coercive Methods used in the Baha'i Faith - "According to the direct and sacred command of God we are forbidden to utter slander." --Abdu'l-Baha

Shunning & Slander > Menu
Baha'i Shunning > Menu - Slander & Shunning - Coercive Methods used in the Baha'i Faith

"...why do you WANT them to associate with you?" We don't. Bahais of all other denominations merely want their Constitutional right of Religious Freedom... which is exactly what Haifans have tried to deprive other Bahais of since 1921, following their Papist, Shiite distortion of Baha'u'llah's Teachings.

Hope this helps...
 
Source, from Ruth White:

"The reader may ascertain for himself ... in THE WORLD ALMANAC for 1931 on page 391. There he will find that in 1916 the number of Bahais in the United States and Canada was listed as 2,884. But since this group became papists under Shoghi Effendi their numbes have diminished to 1,247 under his "Guardianship" [1,637 left]."

Ruth White
 
"Old joke." It's not a joke. The one you cite seems callous and insensitive of Mrs. Lincoln's pain and suffering and that her husband was murdered.
Precisely the point. You are callous and insensitive to the pain and suffering of people who are under actual threat of imprisonment and/or death when you trivialize their persecution by playing victim and claiming that you are suffering just the same when someone calls you words that you don't like.
We're not imitating them.
You are using identifying marks which, whether you like it or not, have become the hallmarks of the larger organization which you ought not to wish to, and have no right to, confuse yourself with.
False. The US Federal Courts repeatedly affirmed the right of other Bahai denominations to exist.
That was never even a question. Nobody is threatening to kill you all. Stop pretending that you are under any existential threat, you just look silly. Build your own houses of worship, charter your own organizations, whatever, nobody is going to stop you.
:" I am an outsider..." I don't know that for a fact; nor have the time nor inclination to investigate whether that's true..
I have been on this board since its founding, and my skepticism about all manner of scripture-driven religion is quite notorious here.
You have not investigated the evidence beyond a cursory level, apparently since you "don't care." .
You have not presented anything more than "cursory" evidence, which I tell you is seriously unconvincing. It is hardly my job to make your case for you.
"You ARE a breakaway group..." False. They are the group that broke away from Abdul-Baha's open, liberal, universal, progressive Interpretation....
I have no opinion about whether their reading of the original interpretation is or isn't valid. As a group, you are a break-off from the larger body.
"Vitriol..." You clearly don't know much about the Haifans, or you've been duped by them, or one of them using a false identity.
This is precisely what I'm talking about. All the nastiness that I have seen comes from your side.
"...why do you WANT them to associate with you?" We don't..
Then stop complaining about "shunning": if they don't want to deal with you, they have no duty to have anything to do with you.
Bahais of all other denominations merely want their Constitutional right of Religious Freedom
You have that. That's not even an issue. The "trademark" case is about whether you should be allowed to latch on to the popularity of the "Haifan Baha'is" by using sound-alike names. To me, it sounds absurd to say you can't call yourselves "Baha'i" but using variants of "Universal House of Justice" just looks like attempts to sow confusion.
 
"You are using identifying marks which, whether you like it or not, have become the hallmarks of the larger organization which you ought not to wish to, and have no right to, confuse yourself with. "

False. They all existed long before they fobbed off their fraudulent will and testament on the gullible and uninformed.

"That was never even a question..."

You might want to spend more time than you have in researching the Haifan Baha'is through sources other than their own.

"You have not presented anything more than "cursory" evidence, which I tell you is seriously unconvincing."

Enjoying yourself?

"I have no opinion about whether their reading of the original interpretation is or isn't valid."

That definitely explains a lot. I suppose every forum has a troll or two who gets his kicks this way.

"As a group, you are a break-off from the larger body."

It doesn't sound as though you've read a single word thus far.

"Shunning."

Please review everything posted above, including the links, especially in terms of actually reading...

"variants of "Universal House of Justice""

You're repeating their falsehoods and smears. Abdul-Baha referred to the Universal House of Justice existed for more than a decade before the Haifans usurped it and other such terms. Most Baha'is don't do the reading either to realize the fact, which is exactly what the Haifans rely on.
 
Ruth White, you obviously believe very passionately about your position, and that is to be respected.

However, please note this is an interfaith forum - we're here to gain inputs from people of all different faiths. This is not about making judgements about specific faiths, trying to extoll one over another, and especially not about trying to diminish any specific faith here.

This, however, seems to be your remit.

In which case, I can only politely inform you that this thread will need to be closed and that I don't expect any more threads or posts which seek only to undermine another faith, not matter how sincere your arguments are intended.

If you wish to take the position of "Reform Baha'i" and provide your own personal insight in general discussion topics based on this, then that will be all well and good.

However, as to your comments on Shogi Effendi and the "Haifan Baha'is" - you've made that point clear, we've heard, but we're moving on now. It's entirely your decision as to whether you wish to validate your position by remaining with us in the manner of interfaith dialogue as stated.
 
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