Whether this doctrine has been a blessing or a curse to those religions that have adopted it, however, remains a vexed question. Some commentators have lauded it as ‘a doctrine of hope’ due to the prospect of eventual moral and spiritual perfection that it is deemed to promote (Yamunacharya, M. 'Karma and Rebirth'
Indian Philosophical Annual 1 (1967) 66 –74) others have dubbed it ‘a philosophy of despair’ due to its purportedly fatalistic implications (Kuppuswamy, B.
Dharma and Society: A Study in Social Values South Asia Books, 1977). Some find it to be morally
‘comforting’, ‘soothing’ and ‘satisfying’ (Wadia, A. R. 'Philosophical Implications of the Doctrine of Karma'
Philosophy East and West 15.2 (1965):
145 –52) as well as an intellectually satisfactory – ‘or rather, the least unsatisfactory’ – solution to the problem of evil (Nayak, G. C.
Evil and the Retributive Hypothesis Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1993: 146, 182); others condemn it as either ‘completely vacuous as a principle of moral
guidance’ (Edwards, Paul.
Reincarnation: A Critical Examination Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1996) or as the playing of ‘a cruel joke on the credulity of the
masses’ (Kuppuswamy), ‘a convenient tool for explaining away the perceived inequality in human society’ (Ramendra, Dr [Ramendra Nath].
Why I am Not a Hindu, 3rd ed. Patna: Buddhiwadi Foundation, 2011). (full document
available here)