Observe that even now,
@Thomas is illustrating my point. By concluding "it's
pneuma all the way down" and leaving out some key details about it, he's reinterpreting Paul's concept of
pneuma to fit a modern cosmology ...
No I'm not – please do not make assumptions about what or how I think, to fit your agenda.
For further discussion – as we have gone over this at length – I suggest a look at the entry for
Stoicism on the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, which presents a picture of
pneuma as
"Fundamental to Stoic physics and the explanations of natural phenomena it offers are the two principles (
archai), the active principle and the passive principle ...
... the active principle, which is identified with God or Zeus ... acts on the passive principle ... primary matter.
Primary matter is eternal, unqualified, formless, and inert. Primary matter is suffused throughout by the active principle in order to create objects in the world. The active and the passive principles in this way both constitute the cosmos and all objects in it. The Stoics stressed that they are entirely blended, or mixed “through and through”..."
Hence, as I said, 'pneuma all the way down.'
If you're referring to the up/down image as a reflection of the ancient view of the firmament as material concentric spheres surrounding and enclosing the earth as incompatible with modern cosmology, then fair enought, in which case, I would say "it's pneuma, through and through".
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In regard to spiritual matters, I think modern cosmology has nothing to offer. While the Ancient Cosmologies are utterly wrong when viewed from a strictly materialist standpoint, in Scripture and metaphysical discussion that was never really issue anyway – or rather, what interests me, and them, and what is relevant in the discussion of the Divine and the spiritual worlds, does not fall within the remit of, nor depend upon, a materialist physics.
In terms of interpreting Paul, especially regarding terms like
pneuma, I follow Hart in his claim that neither he, nor you, nor I, have any sure idea of precisely what Paul is saying. We can only conjecture, and that, of course, is shaped by our pre- and wider conceptions of the question. Why I like Hart (and others of like mind) is that he adverts the question, but leaves it open, rather than stating 'dogmatically' what the answer must be.
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I find modern cosmology wondrous and awe-inspiring when considering the beauty and immensity of nature, but I find it tragically materialist and impoverished when it comes to the contemplation of the spiritual realm. It might see to the far distant realms of the material galaxy, but other than that, it's in the dark.
I draw some little consolation, in that regard, to the rekindled interest in panpsychism as a serious area of study.
I think its a mistake to assume that because Paul's, and indeed the Ancient's, view of cosmology lacked our current understanding of a material, cosmology, that his and their spiritual and metaphysical discourses are therefore undone and have nothing meaningful to say.
They thought the physical replicated the spiritual ... not in this case.
In my head I am entirely at home in modern cosmological speculation, although not wedded to it.
In my heart I am with the ancients, and my experience suggests they have more to offer than a spiritless modernity.
So I can think and speak in terms of 'ascent' and 'descent'; of God above, of Jesus' ascension, but at the same time, and without contradiction, know that God is everywhere, that the Kosmos is more than its material manifestation, and without periphery and without centre, and that while I can speak in terms of 'presence' and 'absence', I know that "in Him we live and move and have our being", and even then, in recalling the verse, my mind goes as quickly to Epimenides, who was talking of Zeus, as it does to Paul, who was quoting him.
As far as I am concerned, he is practically demonstrating the gap between experience and articulation.
Such a gap is always there, and beyond even that ... I can speak of experiences I have had, and no doubt others can be quick to offer some psychodynamic explanation for my narrative, but then have they had the same order of experience as I?