Silverbackman said:
What is Diwali? I know that it is a holiday but what does it celebrate?
Hi Silver,
Diwali comes from the word Deepavali, which means "row of lights." It is the most important of Hindu festivals (although unknown to Hindus in Southeast Asia i.e. Bali, Java, etc.). Diwali is an interesting festival because all the Hindu denominations come together to celebrate this festival. It has been called the Hindu Solidarity day for this purpose. The festival lasts for 5 days (3 days in some places) and incorporates many different traditions. There are many legends associated with Diwali.
In Vaishnavaism, Diwali is a festival celebrating of the return of Rama from exile back to the city of Ayodhya. The legend says that Rama’s return fell on a new moon night, so the people lit rows of oil lamps to light the way and to welcome Rama back to his capital. There is also a legend that Krishna returned triumphant to his capital, Dvaraka, on this day after liberating people from the oppressive regime of King Naraka.
In Saivism, Diwali is the culmination of a 21-day observance called Kedar Maha Vratam, which is a holy period of fasting and spiritual practices.
In Shaktism, Diwali is a festival to honor the Divine Mother in the form of Kali or Lakshmi.
In Arya Samaj, Diwali celebrates the nirvana day of the founder, Dayanand Sarasvati.
Diwali is sort of a spiritual new year for all Hindus. Spiritually speaking, Diwali is a time to put the past behind, to give thanks for what we have, to renew our commitments to dharma, and to welcome God into our lives for another year.
In western India (Gujarat) and the Newar region of Nepal, the day after Diwali is actually the beginning of a New Year where the calendar year changes.
Two days after Diwali, there is another observation called Bhai Dooj, which is a brother and sisters day. On this day, brothers and sisters visit each other and promise to honor, respect and protect each other for the coming year.
In addition to Hindus, Diwali is celebrated by Jains and Sikhs also. In Jainism, Diwali is the nirvana day of the last tirthankara (enlightened master), Mahavira. In Sikhism, Diwali celebrates the release of Hargobind Singh, the sixth Sikh Guru, who was imprisoned by the Mughal king Jahangir.
Hope that helps.