Greetings, Scott and Brian!
I'm not in a position to say definitely one way or the other whether it would or not, but my point is that 'Abdu'l-Baha specifically said that the death penalty does provide full payment. (This, to me, implicitly indicates that it is different in this respect from imprisonment, at least in degree if not in kind. To my knowledge he made no equivalent statement about imprisonment; if you know of one, please post it.)
This is the direct quote of the passage in question:
#152
"As to the question regarding the soul of a murderer, and what his punishment would be. The answer given was that the murderer must expiate his crime: that is, if they put the murderer to death, his death is his atonement for his crime; and following the death, God in His justice will impose no second penalty upon him, for divine justice would not allow this."
Selections from the Writings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, page 179
Peace,
Bruce