radarmark
Quaker-in-the-Making
From first philosophy to process philosophy
Okay, given that foundation I am ready to talk about what my first philosophy is. Both Western and Eastern philosophies by in large have one of three basic ontologies (theories of what exists) materialism, the theory that all that exists is matter or energy and idealism the theory that all that exists are ideas or mental events in our mind or consciousness. Historically the third option has been dualism or a combination of materialism and idealism. A second and perhaps more dyad of ontological theories: being and becoming. The theory of being postulates all entities are separate and is usually unchanging in some manner (think of Platonic forms or an unchanging, eternal G!d or our sense of self); the epitome of this theory is Plato’s definition of what was later called ontology as the study of “being as being”. The theory of becoming postulates entities are mutable and inter-related (think of the universe changing over time or the relationship of the wave and particle nature of a photon); the paradigm of this theory is Heraclitus’ statement “everything flows”.
So we have five ontological theories to examine (since there are hundreds of ontological theories, this is just a small fraction) but these five are foundational for my ontological system. Idealism is limited, for we know that regardless of what we think if our brains are cut off from oxygen for 20 minutes all thought (at least thought that is communicate-able) ceases. Materialism is limited, it cannot explain the existence or origin of qualia—direct experiences we perceive in our minds (like red or pain) irreducible to the firing of neurons or other materialistic explanations. Dualism per se has the problem of an unexplained and unexplainable control of the mental over the physical. Existence as a continuum of becomings does not make a lot of sense to us, we cannot “see” the universe expanding (and that expansion accelerating) because the timeline and sightlines are just too long. We cannot “see” a subatomic particle “collapse” from a wave to a particle again because of the timeline and sightline, this time the timeline is short and sightline too small. So we would normally reject it since we never see a television set morphing or the winter sky change (except for clouds). However, existence as being has its own problems—what is the role of change? We say we “can change” or watch the physical changes take place. Philosophically there are some problems with becoming and being impacting the concepts of space and time and concerning the existence of logical and mathematical concepts as well.
Early in the XXth Century an English mathematician and philosopher developed a rather interesting and very powerful basic ontology by marrying dualism, the belief in the reality of mind and matter, with the becoming approach. Alfred North Whitehead called it “the philosophy of organism” but his followers have called it “process philosophy” in tribute to his magnum opus, Process and Reality. Reality of comprised of occasions, actual entities, or experiences both material and mental in nature that change over time. An occasion has a limited duration and a limited geometry; the occasion of a birth is limited to two bodies and the period of passage into the world when the two become separated spatially. Two actual entities can coalesce into a third, unique one; a proton and an anti-proton annihilate in a release of photons. An experience is composed of attributes of both matter and mind; my face-to-face experience of you consists of both your body and mine, but it also consists of my concepts of truth, beauty, and personhood.
Okay, given that foundation I am ready to talk about what my first philosophy is. Both Western and Eastern philosophies by in large have one of three basic ontologies (theories of what exists) materialism, the theory that all that exists is matter or energy and idealism the theory that all that exists are ideas or mental events in our mind or consciousness. Historically the third option has been dualism or a combination of materialism and idealism. A second and perhaps more dyad of ontological theories: being and becoming. The theory of being postulates all entities are separate and is usually unchanging in some manner (think of Platonic forms or an unchanging, eternal G!d or our sense of self); the epitome of this theory is Plato’s definition of what was later called ontology as the study of “being as being”. The theory of becoming postulates entities are mutable and inter-related (think of the universe changing over time or the relationship of the wave and particle nature of a photon); the paradigm of this theory is Heraclitus’ statement “everything flows”.
So we have five ontological theories to examine (since there are hundreds of ontological theories, this is just a small fraction) but these five are foundational for my ontological system. Idealism is limited, for we know that regardless of what we think if our brains are cut off from oxygen for 20 minutes all thought (at least thought that is communicate-able) ceases. Materialism is limited, it cannot explain the existence or origin of qualia—direct experiences we perceive in our minds (like red or pain) irreducible to the firing of neurons or other materialistic explanations. Dualism per se has the problem of an unexplained and unexplainable control of the mental over the physical. Existence as a continuum of becomings does not make a lot of sense to us, we cannot “see” the universe expanding (and that expansion accelerating) because the timeline and sightlines are just too long. We cannot “see” a subatomic particle “collapse” from a wave to a particle again because of the timeline and sightline, this time the timeline is short and sightline too small. So we would normally reject it since we never see a television set morphing or the winter sky change (except for clouds). However, existence as being has its own problems—what is the role of change? We say we “can change” or watch the physical changes take place. Philosophically there are some problems with becoming and being impacting the concepts of space and time and concerning the existence of logical and mathematical concepts as well.
Early in the XXth Century an English mathematician and philosopher developed a rather interesting and very powerful basic ontology by marrying dualism, the belief in the reality of mind and matter, with the becoming approach. Alfred North Whitehead called it “the philosophy of organism” but his followers have called it “process philosophy” in tribute to his magnum opus, Process and Reality. Reality of comprised of occasions, actual entities, or experiences both material and mental in nature that change over time. An occasion has a limited duration and a limited geometry; the occasion of a birth is limited to two bodies and the period of passage into the world when the two become separated spatially. Two actual entities can coalesce into a third, unique one; a proton and an anti-proton annihilate in a release of photons. An experience is composed of attributes of both matter and mind; my face-to-face experience of you consists of both your body and mine, but it also consists of my concepts of truth, beauty, and personhood.