Saltmeister said:
I didn't at all mean that Shammai was corrupt, only that his ideology went a bit too far (well, perhaps for that poverty-stricken generation).
the idea was that he was too strict for his standard to be effectively maintained and, unlike hillel, failed to speak to people in a way they could understand. i don't think you can speak of an ideology here, only a degree of stringency. it is for such reasons that when a halakhic decision is at issue, the halakhah goes with hillel as the more lenient. this does not imply that shammai is a) wrong or b) *overly* strict, let alone corrupt; he's just not to be preferred to hillel - although there are i think 18 types of case where you do go with shammai.
Even if most of the damage was at the hands of its own followers, I think he was indirectly responsible for a lot of it. I'm aware that not all of the blame should be laid on this one man, that there's a difference between "Shammai" and "Beit Shammai."
if that were the case, he'd come in for a lot of criticism for this; you will note that in the literature, beit hillel invariably come off best.
Apart from which part of the ideological spectrum his views generally fell on, it's also a matter of what he did not teach.
i'm not sure that's a great argument; i'm sure shammai didn't teach computer-aided design, but you can hardly blame him for that.
Hillel, like Jesus taught people to love their neighbour, to be humble, to not judge others. There is no mention of Shammai teaching these things. He obviously didn't consider it important enough to actively teach his followers to love others, to be humble, to not be judgmental, etc. I think his followers likely became quite arrogant and self-righteous because of the absence of such teachings in his school.
the most important saying recorded of shammai is from the tractate "sayings of the fathers" (pirqei 'aboth) in the mishnah:
"Make the study of the Torah your chief occupation; speak little, but accomplish much; and receive every man with a friendly countenance"
this doesn't sound much like the picture you paint.
Shammai himself probably spent too much time shut inside a room full of books to know what was happening around him and what his followers were doing.
not if he was, as it would appear, the nasi (president) of the sanhedrin, where part of the job involves wide knowledge of the world outside the library.
The emergence of secular democracy makes it inappropriate to impose religious values on others. Most of the time, religious people should mind their own religion. On the other hand, liberal democracy can be quite permissive and I think there is too much consumerism. I think there needs to be something to control that. The Western world has become too materialistic and self-indulgent. I think there is a time and place to be "religious."
hmm, that starts to feel a little bit too dichotomous to me. religion has an important role in promoting freedom, liberation and challenge; that includes the promotion of democratic values, at least for the religion i'm a member of.
Apart from the incident with the money-changers, Jesus didn't seem too fussed about the Temple cult.
that's a funny little incident to us. the thing is, you needed the money-changers in order to give the right type of sacrifice; if you needed to offer a pigeon as a sin-offering they acted like a sort of ATM to enable you to get the "right change"; the way the gospels present the incident it is as if the idea of money being anywhere near religion is anathema, whereas we don't see it like that at all; the Temple and the priests and levites had an important function as a sort of treasury for charitable funds. it's almost like getting annoyed with the church warden for taking round the collection plate, because "money and G!D don't go together". for us, clearly money is necessary if "good works" are to be financed.
Ben Masada said:
The Psalmist in Psalm 49:15,16 is referring to a temporary escape from death in view of life danger.
i can't see where you're getting that idea from in the text. the text is describing how you can't buy your way out of death, nor can riches and success protect you from the righteous judgement of G!D.
And the grave or sheol cannot be compared to an imprisonment because it must be perceived by the dweller of it and the dead can no longer enjoy that perception. (Eccl. 9:5)
but 9:3 appears to say that "the hearts of men are full of evil and desecration is in their hearts throughout their lives AND AFTERWARDS AMONG THE DEAD", which would contradict this sentiment. (i also think it's possible you're being misled by a literal reading. it seems to me that "dead" actually refers to "morally dead", i.e. evil people, whereas "living" refers to those who are morally and spiritually righteous.)
Now, for the sages identification of the world to come as a good thing or something to be sought, it is perfectly in accordance with the Scriptures which assert that those who are already in sheol are more fortunate than are the living to be still alive. And better still than both are the unborn who have not seen the wicked work that is done under the sun. (Eccl. 4:2,3) That's what the sages mean by the world to come as a good thing worth being sought for.
ok, i now understand the case you're making here, but i really think you're totally barking up the wrong tree. koheleth notwithstanding, the fact remains that the sages disagree with you. they *do* uphold the ideas that both a) the "world to come" exists and b) it is desirable and worth attaining. having done a bit of digging, i can see that actually beit shammai (rather ironically) come down in support of this idea that it was better not to be born:
For two-and-a-half years, the School of Shammai and the School of Hillel debated. These [b.shammai] said, "It is better for man not to have been created than to have been created"; and these [b.hillel] said, "It is better for man to have been created than not to have been created."
BT Erubin 13b
but this still doesn't get you to a place where "sheol" can be identified with "'olam ha-ba" without an awful lot of circumstantial similes being drawn. i'm not remotely convinced by this as an argument, as you can tell.
And for inheriting the world to come, what do you have in mind?
actually, i'm not that sure, but i do know it isn't what is meant by "she'ol" - by all means show me where the sages - not koheleth! - use she'ol as synonymous with "'olam ha-ba" and you'll make your case, but until then, you are making an argument that relies on a concept being linked to a term that as far as i am aware, is never linked to that by the sages and, even from the kohelet and tehillim quotes, certainly doesn't refer to "'olam ha-ba".
It means we are living souls, which also means that soul is the combination of body with the breath of life, which returns to God Who gave it as the body goes back to the dust. That's the end of the soul as the combination is undone.
again, you're being awfully categorical about something you cannot possibly know, which is a matter of theological speculation in which a number of reasonable options are possible. the way i'd approach this conundrum is to suggest that the individual soul is made up of a number of different elements (nefesh, ruah, neshamah according to the standard 3-tier model, although there is a kabbalistic 5-tier model as well) of which one element, probably the neshamah, "returns to G!D Who Gave it" whereas the other two bits get recycled, the nefesh via the energy transferred during the decomposition of the body and the ruah via the continuing intangible impacts of that transmigration (my actions affect the world after i move on) - they don't come together as a threesome again, but the neshamah gets returned for another gilgul as appropriate; in fact, i understand there's a whole theory of how this works which breaks down each piece of souls into further portions, each of which leads an independent transmigratory existence. you'd have to ask a knowledgeable kabbalist or hasidic rabbi for further understanding of this, i think.
What is it in your opinion that inherits the world to come? It smells Hellenistic doctrine to me.
hmm, that's a new one. i actually don't know what does the inheriting, i really hadn't thought about it, but i hardly think you can sneer at it as "hellenistic doctrine" - don't take it up with me, take it up with
haza"l, the rishonim and the aharonim - go on, tell rambam that "'olam ha-ba" is hellenistic, i dare ya!
b'shalom
bananabrain