The theological consideration of Islam and Judaism is staunchly monotheistic.
In explicit words, yes.
But what is monotheism? It is not just belief in one God and assigning partners to God but also building gods out of wood, clay and stone. This is what the God of Israel objected and complained about in the OT/Torah.
We all have different ways of expressing our concept of God, the universe, cosmos and spirituality. Jews have their traditions. Muslims believe in following rules, protocols and institutions and constructing the Islamic State. Christians use different terminology to explain how God works in the spiritual and physical universe in His efforts to connect with us personally.
Conceptualising God as a Being that gives us rules, traditions, protocols, institutions, ideologies and statecraft may actually be the same as making gods out of wood, clay and stone. If this is our idea of God then we are pretty much trying to "create God." These concepts are concepts of a man-made God, and we are no better than the Canaanites who built gods out of wood and stone because they couldn't think of a better God.
People make rules because they don't trust each other, so rules are man-made. People start traditions for the fear that followers of a religion or movement won't continue aligning themselves to the same concepts or the same aims/objectives, so traditions are also man-made. All these things are built on human cynicism. We have this idea that things will fall apart and won't hold together if we don't have these things.
It's no wonder atheists criticise us for "creating God." Following rules and traditions doesn't mean much when we could all have just made them up for ourselves without God existing in the first place. For atheists, "there is
no God but what we make for ourselves." They believe that God was created by humankind to solve humanity's problems. Rules and traditions are not dependent on God, but on human beings.
Haven't we all followed something man-made? People who forget the past are doomed to repeat it. The Canaanites built gods out of wood, clay and stone. We continue the mistake by building God out of rules, traditions and institutions. Aren't we hypocrites?
Some basic do's/don'ts:
1. Believe in one God; don't believe in other gods.
2. Don't assign partners to God.
3. Don't build gods out of existing, freely available or man-made materials. You can't recreate God.
4. Don't build a Tower of Babel. This includes coming up with statecraft or a utopian political system.
Do all that and you have a truly 100% monotheistic religion.
It's easy to criticise Christianity because of the way people express it. However, saying "we believe in one God and no other" doesn't mean your religion is purely or truly monotheistic. I can't agree with the idea that Judaism and Islam are 100% monotheistic then.
If we were all highly critical of each other's faiths, then we could all find reasons why Judaism, Christianity and Islam aren't monotheistic. Christianity would violate points 1 and 2 because of the Trinity. Judaism would violate points 2 and 3 because of devotion to Jewish traditions. Islam would violate points 3 and 4 because of the command to conform to the institutions of the Islamic State.
Don't just look at what they say
directly and
explicitly about God. Look at the
whole theology. A religion may say "believe in one God" but that religion's theology may not agree with the "one God" theory. What is God? Can you recreate God? I think they are all equally monotheistic, but we tend to have biased rather than balanced views on monotheism.
Christianity attempts to validate the idea of the trinity, but in essence, this is completely incompatible with the monotheistic understanding of G-d in Islam and Judaism.
The Bible (as in Christian Gospel) never speaks of God as three-in-one. This is merely Christian leaders and scholars extrapolating from what Christian apostles wrote. Neither, Paul, Peter, James, John, Luke or Matthew ever say God is three or three-in-one. The issue seems to come from the terminology that they used -- Father, Son, Holy Spirit, Word, Christ, Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of Christ, Lord, God.
I think the reason why we have terminology like Father, Son, Word, Holy Spirit, Lord is simply to explain how God works in this world without man-made structures like rules and traditions. Father means God is the Source. Son refers to the
first fruits of God -- God's glory. Word means "God's Revelation." The Holy Spirit is God's Spirit. God is the Holy Spirit because everything holy comes from Him and He is incorruptible.
If God is the Source then rules, traditions and institutions aren't necessary. No man-made structure is needed. God provides the radiance that transforms and regenerates us so that we will hold together naturally as we grow and develop spiritually. God doesn't need rules or traditions and nor does His creation.
The Christian faith doesn't say rules and traditions are wrong, but it does tell us to avoid them if they distort our perception of our own spiritual journey and God. Christianity does not revolve around rules, traditions or institutions. Christianity does not have any formalised concepts. I think the reason is so that we will all grow into God's spiritual Kingdom and spiritual Temple.
I actually think the Christian faith
is monotheistic in the sense that it is a "more natural" approach to the concept of God. I suppose Christianity does in some ways satisfy all four criteria (points 1 to 4) mentioned above.
Here are
my reasons (my view only):
Point 2 - Don't Assign Partners to God
We do not associate rules, traditions, protocols, institutions, ideology, statecraft and political systems as wisdom coming from God. We do not formalise God in this way. God doesn't need rules, traditions and institutions.
Point 3 - Don't Build God Out of Wood, Clay and Stone
We don't build our concept of God out of rules, traditions, etc. We believe in a Living God. God is the Source. Everything that is holy comes from Him. He grows and develops us from within. We can't recreate Him.
Point 4 - Don't Build a Tower of Babel
Our aim is not to create a utopian political system. Statecraft has never been the aim or objective of the Christian Gospel.
Point 1 - Believe in one God and no Other
Points 2 to 4 support this point.
Christianity sounds monotheistic to me. You may accuse me of avoiding and neglecting the Trinity, but as I said the Christian apostles never put forward a Trinity concept. Moreover, they were in Christian terms closer to God then we are now. Trinity is more about the terminology they used rather than a definition of God. The Trinity doesn't define God.
The apostles never defined God in the first place. They simply explained the
meaning of God.
And no, I don't want to start a heated debate on the Trinity.