Hi
@SufiPhilosophy –
1. Cross is a pagan solar symbol, whether it found its way into Christianity or not
OK...
2. Muslims consider sun worship to be anathema, to extent that they won't even pray at sunrise, high noon and sunset
OK.
3. Christianity adopted the Cross when it became the state religion of the Eastern Romans, who had previously been pagan Romans
I don't think so. It's a common thread on the web, one among many to infer that Christianity was substantially changed in the Constantine era.
Certainly the cross was not a common symbol, but then there are a number of valid arguments for why. But the cross was a significant symbol in Christian texts, and the staurogram:
⳨ was in use by the early 2nd century.
The Christian 'seal' of marking a cross on the forehead was a common practice by at least the late first century. The Epistle of Barnabas talks of 'the water and the cross', and the making of a cross on the forehead and/or chest was believed to preserve against evil. However, by the 2nd century Christians were being accused of a cult of the cross, it would appear, and defended themselves against pagan misunderstanding, according to Tertullian, Cyprian, Justin and others.
The point is that we dodge the cross not because we hate Christianity but because solar worship is anathema to us, such that we won't even pray at times once loved by the pagans for their prayers (sunrise, high noon, sunset).
OK. The symbol of the cross, for Christians, derives from the Cross of Christ, the sign of salvation and the means of redemption, rather than pagan solar worship.
Irenaeus of Lyon, writing about 180AD, said this of the Cross:
"Now seeing that He (Jesus) is the Word of God Almighty, who in unseen wise in our midst is universally extended in all the world, and encompasses its length and breadth and height and depth – for by the Word of God the whole universe is ordered and disposed – in it is crucified the Son of God, inscribed crosswise upon it all: for it is right that He being made visible, should set upon all things visible the sharing of His cross, that He might show His operation on visible things through a visible form. For He it is who illuminates the height, that is the heavens; and encompasses the deep which is beneath the earth; and stretches and spreads out the length from east to west; and steers across the breadth of north and south; summoning all that are scattered in every quarter to the knowledge of the Father." (
Demonstration of the Apostolic Teaching, 34)
I offer this only to indicate that from very early, the cross was seen as something far more than a solar sign.
Constantine, pragmatic as ever, no doubt saw the chance of killing two birds with one stone, as it were, of utilising a symbol that had, for different reasons, a similar unifying ideal.