Later, Kathleen Kenyon's excavation in the 1950s redated the fall of Jericho to around 1550 BCE, a date that most archaeologists support.
[14][15] In 1990,
Bryant Wood critiqued Kenyon's work after her field notes became fully available. Observing ambiguities and relying on the only available carbon dating of the burn layer, which yielded a date of 1410 BCE plus or minus 40 years, Wood dated the destruction to this carbon dating, confirming Garstang and the biblical chronology. Unfortunately, this carbon date was itself the result of faulty calibration. In 1995, Hendrik J. Bruins and Johannes van der Plicht used high-precision radiocarbon dating for eighteen samples from Jericho, including six samples of charred cereal grains from the burn layer, and overall dated the destruction to an average 1562 BCE add or subtract 38 years.
[16][17][18] Kenyon's date of around 1550 BCE is widely accepted based on this methodology of dating. Notably, many other Canaanite cities were destroyed around this time.
The widespread destructions of the 16th century BCE are often linked with the expulsion of the
Hyksos from Egypt around this time. The 1st-century historian
Josephus, in
Against Apion, identified the Exodus of Israelites according to the Bible as the Expulsion of the
Hyksos according to the Egyptian texts.
A few scholars follow the controversial
new chronology of
David Rohl, which postulates that the entire mainstream Egyptian chronology is 300 years misplaced; with the consequence that, among other things, the
exodus would be dated to the 16th or 17th century BCE, and hence the
archaeological record on Jericho would be much more aligned with the biblical account. Despite this, a number of literalist Christians, most prominently the respected Egyptologist
Kenneth Kitchen, have vehemently attacked Rohl's chronology, since it introduces a number of other problems and issues (such as identifying the biblical
Shishak as Ramses II, rather than the far more obviously named
Shoshenq).