That would essentially be the Ebionites and the Nazareans, already mentioned... marginalized and by the time of Nicea, politically impotent. Bottom line with these two groups....you had to first be Jewish before you could be Christian, with everything that entailed.
Quite, which meant they get squeezed by the Jews on the one hand and Gentile Christians on the other.
I still have yet to hear what romantic ideal "betterment" of Christianity the removal of Paul would provide?
I think that's decided by the degree of romanticism of whoever is proposing what 'their' Christianity would be like!
The 'problem' with Paul is that the Gospels deal with ideas and are easily idealised. Paul was dealing with 'real world' problems, with dissent in the communities, factionism, politics, that sort of stuff, so there's a lot of 'where the rubber meets the road' stuff that's unpleasant to some palates, especially those who like to see Christianity as a free-wheeling utopianism of a kind of proto-hippy thing.
I think its sad that so many can't see the 'mystical' vein that pulses throughout Paul and the Pauline corpus. On that stuff, Paul rocks!
I mean, it is so predictable in every discussion I've had on the subject with anyone..."Paul is no good!" "OK, what does Christianity look like without Paul? "I don't know, but Paul is no good...next question please." Like clockwork.
LOL. I know that discussion!
I think trying to shift the "blame" as it were off of Constantine ...
I'm not sure what he's being blamed for, that's my point.
A lot of people give him far too much credit. Nicea was called to settle the Arian dispute, and it failed at that! Athanasius was undoubtedly the champion of orthodoxy, not Constantine. And he was exiled five times in his lifetime by various emperors trying to put a lid on the Arian question.
... by saying the Council "was essentially Greek" is misleading at best.
D'you think? There were somewhere around 250-300 bishops attending, but only a few Latin speakers, representing Italy, Africa, Spain, France and Germany, at least five, but not many more. The 'big names' noted were all Easterners. Arius and Athanasius were Greek. The whole Arian thing blew up in Alexandria. Hilary of Poitiers was 'the Athanasius of the West', and 'The Hammer of the Arians', but whoever brings him up in discussion? Hosius of Cordova presided, in the name of the Pope or in the name of Constantine, no-one is sure ... but Hosius already had a reputation as a theologian of some repute, and I think Constantine was ready to accept any decision the council came to, as long as it was universal.
... but the "tipping point" was the first Council at Nicea.
A tutor once said to me that it must have come as a huge surprise to the Church when Constantine endorsed it, but the bigger surprise was that Christianity survived at all after being elected the religion of state! I suppose we could argue back and forth as to when the tipping point was, 318, 325 ... as I see it
doctrinally, the Emperors and the State never determined nor decided what was to be believed, I think it would be very hard to make that stick, but politically/pastorally is a whole different ballgame. But I don't see anything particularly sensational about the canons declared in the early councils.
Perhaps the signal exception is the Iconoclast debacle that afflicted the Greek Church, which was an attempt by the Emperors to curry favour with Islam.