True, but the Gita states that the soul is not born and that 'once existed' it does not cease to be.
OK.
There is, within Christian metaphysics, a manner by which the soul can be said to cease to be. Anything brought into being can, by that same token, go out of being.
To me, this implies that the soul didn't always exist.
Quite.
... rather than being created, the soul was brought into being. I'm not altogether sure what the difference is, if any...
Nor am I.
... but the Sanskrit word for soul 'Atman' can also be translated as self, essence and breath. ????
A correspondence, probably derived from the same view of what constitutes life? Sacred Scriptures abound with them.
Very little, in the sense that one is part of the other.
But that's quite contrary to the Abrahamic viewpoint.
One invokes the power, the other is the power. "And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do..."
Quite.
Well, from a Hindu perspective, what's left is our true selves.
This is where I always get stuck, in understanding what exactly is meant by true self. Let me, if I may, proceed by stages:
One: True Self
This is the ground of being, or selfhoos, as such.
Two: Contingent self
The self that we call 'I' or 'me'. It begins with the dna-inherited traits that, in effect, pre-programme us, and then goes on as we shape ourselves, and are shaped, according to our environment, our ecology, our experience. Everything that happens here is physical, and works via the physical faculties. As the scholars say: 'nothing is in the mind that was not first in the senses', and more and more neuro- and other physical sciences are providing evidence to underpin that claim.
In that sense then, there is the True Self which is actually prior to all determination. That which we perceive as 'ourselves' is learned.
What I can't get a grip on, is when you say 'True Self', what exactly is that? Again, working from my above hypothesis, if one strips away everything of the contingent self, there's no 'you' left? So one can't say 'one's true self' because that true self does not belong to you or me.
As an example, taken human nature. If you remove all the contingent aspects from human nature — size, shape, colour, gender, etc., etc. What's left? Nothing but an abstract concept.
I wish I could get an answer to these questions ...
So there is Atman, our very soul, essence and breath.
is it though? Does not Atman transcend everything we think of as 'ours'? Is not Atman the
principle of soul, essence and breathe? Otherwise there would have to be an individual Atman for each and everything?
In order to attain liberation (moksha), a human being must acquire self-knowledge. That is, to realize one's true self.
I'm split on this one.
I can accept that 'acquiring self-knowledge' means understanding one's place in the order of things, seeing through the illusory, etc. Bbut how does one 'realise' something that is in a different class to the individual self? The true Self has no individuality, no personal characteristic ... there's nothing to realise, because as soon as you do, it's individuated, and not the true self ...
Here I'm with the Perennialists who see the True Self as the principle of selfhood as such, which is One, actualised in individuals, in time and in space, simultaneously.
I don't disagree here as far as the physical realm is concerned. I just believe, as do most Hindus, that the soul transcends that and represents our true self. The one outside of the physical realm.
Probably a difference between how the physical is perceived. Certainly not as 'pure' as the spiritual — in its present state — but man potentially elevates the physical to a higher realm because man has a foot in both realms, as it were, physical and spiritual, as St Paul declared when man is, in that regard, higher than the angels because man can do what angels cannot.
And, as ever, temporal, illusory, finite, etc., as our physical selves may be, that's the one we've got to work with, and no other.
Indeed, that one is higher, I would say, than all other selves because it is maleable. Spiritual beings are what they are and cannot change. Man can change.
In all, I think too many spiritual commentaries run the risk of disappearing up one's own wazoo — this is especially true of the west in which people read books and jump on 'whoo-hoo' aphorisms, and assume that because they've read it, they've got it / done it / are it ... this is the only world we've got and we should cherish it, not run away seeking some abstract otherwhere.