juantoo 3. Okay, by scientific method (used in philosophy as well, where this rap comes from). For a statement to be true it must correspond to some state-of-affairs reality. Here "correspond" is a matter of interpretation, use your own definition (that makes it the most general argument). "State-of-affairs" is some physical or mental or spiritual event or actual occasion (notice I am defining more than the merely physical to exist).
Statement A is true if B, the event it refers to, actually exists. So the proposition (or statement) that "1+1=2" is true because the mental event it refers to is actual (the obstensive definition of arithmetic) or because putting two individual seeds next to each other by a matter of abstraction one can "see" that relationship (if you want a physical definition, but notice it still takes thinking).
A similar arguement holds for statements like "I believe the world to be spheroid". Here we are talking about the truth status of a mental event (my belief). Finally, the same holds for "I have experienced G!d", only this time we move to a spiritual event.
The problem with "Truth" is not a matter of this relationship (the thrth status of an event), but rather the proposition one is looking to test. When one says "all swans are white" or "the word of G!d is the Bible" or "other minds do not exist" one is making a claim with "no fuzz" or uncertainty. Those kind of statements are almost always factually incorrect, hence false (the exceptions are statements of deductive logic, arithmetic, and obstensive definition, as far as I can comprehend).
So to really communicate testible assertions (statements) one must qualify them: "with the exception of the Australian species, all swans are white", "since I have no direct observations into other minds, I have no proof they exist", "one of the ways G!d has communicated to humankind is the Bible".
This is a habit of physicists, since all discussion of the quantum assumes qualification of potential (probability or possibility) existence (or measurement) and since all forms of General Relativity (I abuse this term by including theories like string theory or MOND or quantum loop gravity or Whteheadian Relativity, which can be used instead of the Einsteinian-based General Relativity) use the form "it could be that".
So we are left with a conundrum. The way most people (even physicists in their everyday lives) communicate propositions leads to statements that are not and cannot be "absolutely, 100% true". For my part I let this pass if a spiritual truth is being discussed (talking with other Native Americans I know that their language or culture qualifies statements automatically so that they might as well say "in my mythology" or "to my heart").
However, I do demand (for the sake of clear and testible communication) that if statements are made about physical or mental events they be "fuzz free" (qualified). Otherwise, IMHO, I know no way to test the truth function of the proposition and am left with the choice of saying "that is meaningless" ("mental masturbation" as some would have it) or "that is false" (incorrect, unverifiable, or under certain conditions).
Did that help at all? If not, check out
Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) or
Truth[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy], including all the "click-able" references at the bottom.
I will look up both the early Anglo descriptions referenced (will try toi find web-based citations for you). May have to contact the Gears (a couple of authors whose broad experience in Native Nation archeology I use every one and awhile).
Panta Rhei!
(Everything Flows!)