Wil,
If you don't mind I'll also answer your questions:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the primary gasses produced by people and cars. Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced by an incomplete burn when there is not enough oxygen, heat, or pressure to oxidize the fuel completely. The catalytic converter in cars are designed to help convert the incompletely burned CO into CO2.
CO2 is good for trees and plants. Research shows increased foliage and healthier trees and plants with higher concentrations of CO2. Conversely excessive ozone (O3) and oxygen (O2) can suffocate trees and plants.
Variations in carbon dioxide found in Antarctic ice do NOT vary more widely than todays levels. Today's levels (~380ppm in Hawaii) are higher than the peaks found in the ice cores. A millennium is only 1,000 years... per the ice core today's levels are higher than the last +650 millenia.
Image:Carbon Dioxide 400kyr.png - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Going back further though... millions of years... geochemical modeling has the Earth with higher concentrations of CO2.
Imagehanerozoic Carbon Dioxide.png - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From the ice cores they also extract an estimation of temperatures into the distant past. There is a very strong correlation of temperature and CO2 in the ice cores. If a higher CO2 concentration causes an increase in temperature then Al Gore is right and the Earth is already in for a serious change even though it has not yet been felt. If a higher temperature causes increased CO2, or if what causes a higher temperature also causes the increased CO2, then Al Gore is wrong... but still charting into uncertain territory.
A bit of my own commentary:
The slope of the increase in CO2, regardless of what CO2 is or does, shows a problem. Anything that grows exponentially is unsustainable at some point. Whatever goes up exponentially will either plateau, come down, oscillate, or simply break away and never be measurable again... someday, somehow. Yup, even the stock market... eventually.
While the CO2 concentrations are relatively higher today, lets put it in perspective. The Earth's atmosphere is 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% Argon, about 1% water vapor,... and .038% Carbon dioxide.
Water is the biggest global warmer, it is a far better infra-red absorber, and it is 10 to 20 times more concentrated in the atmosphere... and the water is a ga-ga-zillion times more prevalent on the planet... and it cycles many times a year... and the CO2 is ionically broken apart in water. Set the CO2 aside though: If water did not cycle in the atmosphere then the planet would heat up like a real greenhouse to a much higher temperature and we'd surely all die.
Let me say that again... if water did not cycle in the atmosphere then the planet would heat up like a real greenhouse to a much higher ambient temperature than it is today. But as water does cycle the planet is allowed to cool down. Luckily water does cycle because it commutates the sun's light. Each cycle of the water is net-cooling. It removes entropy from the planet and the cycle iteself, like nearly everything here, is powered by the sun. The frequency of the water cycle must match the rate that energy is used on the planet or there is going to be a change in the Earth's average ambient temperature.