1) There is no factual evidence for that. I would not bother either way.
I think it time to talk turkey once and for all on the inherent flaws in the position taken by some that Jesus never existed, even as a simple non-miraculous human being. Positing that he was a simple non-miraculous human being is not at all ludicrous.
So it's time for a reality check here on the "mythicist" stance that there's no reality behind any notion concerning one Jesus of Nazareth at all. I found two sets of remarks on the Net written by an atheist concerning the James passage in Josephus's Antiquities, XX. The writer's name is Tim O'Neill. O'Neill writes:
1. Zealots with an axe to grind can find a way to "deconstruct" the data for even the most reasonable ideas if they try hard enough. Their deconstructions are contrived and forced and usually only convincing to fellow zealots, but they can do it with ease. See Holocaust Deniers and Creationists for examples of this.
This is precisely what we find with the Jesus Mythers. Yes, the James mentioned by Josephus could be some other James who, like the one mentioned in the Christian tradition, just happened to also have a brother called Jesus who was also called "Annointed" and he could also have been executed by the Jewish priesthood just like the James who Paul claims he met. This remarkable sequence of coincidences are all possible. But the application of Occam's Razor to this idea shows anyone other than a blinkered Myther zealot that this idea strains credulity. It makes far more sense that what we have here is a confluence of evidence indicating that Jesus did exist and did have a brother called James.
This is why you can count the number of professional scholars who think Jesus didn't exist on the fingers of one hand and the Myther position is dominated by amateur polemicists like Doherty and Carrier and New Age loons like Dorothy "Acharya S" Murdock. (forbiddengospels.blogspot.com/2009/02/my...)
And in the other passage, O'Neill starts off by citing a previous poster and then proceeds to make his additional point:
2. "Historian Richard Carrier talks about the James/Josephus passage and about how it probably was never intended to refer to the Christian James. After all, this James was killed over a violation of some minor Jewish law, which the Sanhedrin was none too pleased with. This would be very odd if this James was a leader of heretical Jewish cult."
Carrier is a guy who needs to make up his mind whether he wants to be a historian or an activist. At the moment he has too many blunt anti-Christian axes to grind for me to take him seriously as an objective researcher. Historians with an agenda are usually poor historians. And I say that as someone who is an atheist myself.
There is nothing unlikely about the story Josephus tells about James. He doesn't say that "the Sanhedrin" objected to his execution, he says that an objection was made by "those who seemed the most equitable of the citizens". We're given no clear indication as to who these concerned citizens were, though it's clear that (i) they were important enough to be able to write to the Roman prefect, (ii) they were important enough for him to pay attention to them and (iii) they were no friends of the High Priest and seemed to want to bring him down.
What they object to is not the death of heretic, but the usurpation of power by Ananus. And their objective seems to have been Ananus' removal. Who or what James was is likely to have been pretty incidental in this political play. (aigbusted.blogspot.com/2009/03/did-jesus...)
These two sets of remarks express to a T my problem with the entire mythicist racket. Because it is a racket, and that's all it is. I was not brought up as a Christian; I was brought up by two agnostic/atheist academics who never attended any religious institution, for whom reading continually was as natural as breathing. Reading became as natural as breathing for myself and my brother as well. So the knee-jerk argument that anyone crediting the plausibility of historic references to Jesus must be brainwashed by religion is baloney. Not only is it baloney as applied to me; it's baloney as applied to 99.9% of the extremely skeptical colleagues and friends of my parents whom I got to know -- and know well -- when growing up.
The reason why so many rigorous NON-DENOMINATIONAL scholars and academics with degrees and professional training in this field -- professional scholars like April DeConick -- continue to be so leery of these fanciful mythicist notions is because they so often do require a flagrant disregard of the principle of Occam's Razor. Not only are we supposed to assume a series of coincidences in order to shrug off Chapter XX of the Josephus Antiquities; that is compounded by a similarly twisted skein of reasoning that we must evidently apply to Galatians -- at the same time! Both texts(!!!!!!!!!) just happen to have been coincidentally distorted vis-a-vis the way they're read today. How convenient is that?
The dishonest methods of many of the mythicists suggest in addition a proselytizing mindset rather than a research one. This really isn't just a matter of whether or not some ancient "eccentric" did or didn't exist. It's a very basic misinformation campaign on how to read history. My atheist father happened to be a pretty d**n rigorous history professor, and I don't mind saying that this whole question becomes pretty personal for me, as a result.
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